Dogwood tree, scientifically known as Cornus Florida, is a beloved ornamental tree that’s a staple in many landscapes across various growing zones.
These deciduous trees are particularly famous for their stunning blooms that emerge in late spring, transforming the landscape into a sea of delicate white, pink, or red petals.
However, the beauty of the dogwood tree isn’t limited to its blooms. Even in early spring, before the tree comes out of dormancy, you can spot small buds forming on its branches, hinting at the foliage that will soon follow.
The leaves of the dogwood tree are equally captivating. In the summer, they form a lush canopy of green, providing shade and shelter to the plants and creatures below.
The bark of the dogwood tree is another point of interest. Its rough, scaly texture adds character to the tree, especially during the winter when the foliage is absent.
Dogwood trees are also known for their resilience. They can thrive in a variety of conditions, from full sun to partial shade, and can tolerate both drought and little water, making them an excellent choice for low-maintenance landscapes.
However, despite their hardiness, dogwood trees are not immune to challenges. Dogwood anthracnose, a fungus that attacks the leaves and stems, can pose a threat to these trees, especially in areas with high moisture and humidity.
Deer and other mammals may also find the tender bark and foliage of the dogwood tree appealing, so it’s essential to take steps to protect these beautiful trees from potential threats.
In this comprehensive guide, as a master gardener, I’ll share everything you need to know about planting and caring for dogwood trees, from selecting the right growing zone to providing the optimal sunlight and moisture conditions.
Botanical Name: Cornus Florida
Common Name: Dogwood tree
Family: Cornaceae
Plant Type: Deciduous trees
Hardiness Zones: 5 – 9 (USDA)
Sun Exposure: Full sun to partial shade
Soil Type: Well-draining
Soil pH: Slightly acidic
Bloom Time: Late March to Mid-May
Flower Color: White, pink, and red
Native Area: Europe, Eastern Asia, and North America
Dogwood Tree Plant Care
Dogwood tree, scientifically known as Cornus Florida, is a stunning deciduous tree that adds a burst of color to your landscape.
It thrives in a growing zone that offers full sun to partial shade, and its vibrant blooms and foliage are a sight to behold in early spring.
To ensure its health, plant the tree in well-drained soil with a layer of mulch around the root ball to retain moisture.
While the Dogwood tree enjoys regular watering, it is also remarkably adaptable to drought conditions and can withstand periods of little water.
Be mindful of Dogwood anthracnose, a fungus that can affect the leaves and small buds, and protect the tree from deer and other mammals that may nibble on its bark and foliage.
Light
Dogwood tree thrives in a landscape that offers it full sun to partial shade. This means it should ideally receive at least six hours of direct sunlight every day, but it can also tolerate some shade, especially in the afternoon.
In the growing zone of the Dogwood, which is usually between 5 and 9, it is important to ensure that the tree gets enough light, especially in the early spring.
Insufficient sunlight can lead to poor growth, fewer blooms, and a potential increase in susceptibility to the Dogwood anthracnose, a fungus that attacks the tree.
Therefore, when planting a Dogwood tree, it is crucial to consider the light conditions to ensure its health and vitality.
Soil
Dogwood tree thrives in well-draining, slightly acidic soil rich in organic matter. Before planting, it’s essential to prepare the soil by loosening it to a depth of at least two times the root ball’s size to promote healthy root development.
A layer of mulch around the base of the tree helps retain moisture, a crucial factor for dogwoods. While they can tolerate a variety of soil conditions, they prefer consistent moisture and may struggle in overly dry or waterlogged soil.
Water
Dogwood tree, being a lover of moist soil, needs a consistent level of moisture, especially during its early spring growth period and late spring bloom. However, it’s crucial not to overwater as this can lead to fungus issues.
During the tree’s dormancy in the winter, and in the hot months of summer, when drought is common, the tree can survive on very little water. A good practice is to water deeply, allowing the soil to dry out slightly between watering to prevent root rot.
Remember, the specific watering needs can also be influenced by the growing zone and the tree’s surrounding landscape.
Temperature and Humidity
The ideal growing zone for dogwood trees is between 5 and 9. These deciduous trees thrive in a temperature range that mimics their natural habitat.
In early spring, when the small buds start to unfurl into beautiful blooms, temperatures should be cool but not freezing.
Late spring brings the need for moderate temperatures that support the development of the stunning foliage.
As for humidity, dogwood trees appreciate a moist environment, but they are also surprisingly tolerant of drought conditions once established, provided they receive adequate moisture at critical times.
Fertilizer
Dogwood tree, particularly the Cornus Florida, is not a heavy feeder, but it benefits from a light application of slow-release, balanced fertilizer in early spring. This provides essential nutrients for the upcoming growing season and supports the development of vibrant foliage and abundant blooms.
Applying a layer of mulch around the base of the tree can also contribute to the overall health of the tree by retaining moisture, regulating soil temperature, and providing organic matter as it breaks down.
However, over-fertilization should be avoided, as it can lead to excessive foliage growth at the expense of the tree’s beautiful blooms.
Pruning
Pruning the Dogwood tree is best done during its dormancy in early spring, before the small buds start to show. This is when the landscape is less likely to be affected by the loss of foliage.
Start by removing any dead or diseased branches, paying particular attention to signs of Dogwood anthracnose, a fungus that affects this ornamental tree.
To maintain the tree’s natural shape, prune back any crossing or crowded branches. When pruning, always make clean cuts just above a healthy bud or lateral branch to promote new growth.
After pruning, provide the tree with a layer of mulch around the root ball to retain moisture and suppress weed growth.
Overwintering
Dogwood trees enter a period of dormancy in the colder months. To help them survive the winter, it’s crucial to provide a layer of mulch around the base of the tree to insulate the root ball and retain moisture.
This layer of mulch also helps to prevent the soil from drying out too quickly, especially if there’s little water available due to winter drought.
The mulch will also protect the shallow roots from extreme temperature fluctuations.
Types of Dogwood Tree
Red Dogwood Tree
Red dogwood trees are stunning ornamental trees that add a pop of color to any landscape.
In early spring, before the leaves emerge, small buds on the red dogwood tree signal the impending burst of vibrant red blooms.
These trees thrive in full sun to partial shade and prefer a growing zone with well-drained soil and a layer of mulch to retain moisture.
Pink Dogwood
The pink dogwood, known as Cornus Florida, is a classic choice for a splash of color in the landscape.
In April, the pink dogwood bursts into a profusion of delicate pink blooms, before its leaves unfurl to create a lush foliage that turns red in the fall.
These trees are best suited to areas with well-drained, acidic soil and benefit from a layer of mulch to maintain moisture.
Kousa Dogwood
Kousa dogwood, or Cornus kousa, is a small, deciduous tree known for its beautiful white blooms in late spring.
This variety is more resistant to diseases, such as dogwood anthracnose, and is favored for its striking exfoliating bark and autumn foliage.
Kousa dogwood thrives in full sun to partial shade and prefers a growing zone with moist, well-drained soil.
White Dogwood Trees
White dogwood trees are a timeless choice for any landscape, with their elegant white blooms in early spring.
The ‘Cherokee Princess’ and ‘Cherokee Brave’ are popular varieties, each offering unique features such as red foliage in the fall and pink blooms.
These trees prefer well-drained, acidic soil and benefit from a layer of mulch to retain moisture.
How to Plant Dogwood Tree From Seed
Step 1: Choose the Right Time and Location
Dogwood trees are best planted in early spring. This gives them time to establish their root system before the onset of late spring and summer.
Select a location that receives partial shade. Dogwoods prefer filtered sunlight, especially during the hot afternoon hours.
Step 2: Prepare the Planting Site
Prepare the planting site by digging a hole as deep as the root ball and twice as wide. This will give the roots plenty of room to spread out.
Dogwoods prefer moist, well-draining soil. Adding a layer of mulch to the bottom of the hole can help retain moisture and regulate soil temperature.
Step 3: Plant the Seeds
Place the dogwood seeds in the hole, ensuring they are covered with a layer of soil. Water the area thoroughly but be careful not to overwater as dogwoods prefer soil that is moist but not waterlogged.
How to Propagate Dogwood Tree
Step 1: Choose the Right Time
The best time to propagate dogwood trees is in the early spring when the trees are still in dormancy. This is when the tree is not actively growing, making it easier to handle and transport.
Step 2: Prepare the Root Ball
Using a sharp shovel, carefully dig around the base of the dogwood tree to expose the root ball. Try to keep as much of the root system intact as possible to ensure the tree’s survival.
Step 3: Separate the Suckers
Look for small buds or shoots emerging from the base of the tree. These are called suckers and can be carefully separated from the main root ball using a sharp knife or pruning shears.
Step 4: Plant the Suckers
Once separated, the suckers can be planted in a prepared planting hole in the desired location. Be sure to plant them at the same depth they were growing before and water them thoroughly after planting.
Step 5: Provide Proper Care
After planting, the dogwood suckers will require regular watering and maintenance to ensure their survival.
Keep the soil evenly moist but not waterlogged, and apply a layer of mulch around the base of the plants to help retain moisture and suppress weeds.
Common Pests and Plant Diseases for Dogwood Tree
Dogwood Anthracnose
Dogwood anthracnose is a serious fungal disease that affects the beloved Cornus Florida, or dogwood tree. This disease causes dieback of the tree’s foliage, leaving it looking sparse and unhealthy.
The disease can also lead to cankers on the bark and a general decline in the tree’s health. It’s important to ensure your dogwood trees are planted in the right conditions, with good air circulation and appropriate moisture levels, to help prevent this disease.
Powdery Mildew
Powdery mildew is a common fungal disease that can affect many ornamental trees, including the dogwood. It presents as a white, powdery substance on the leaves and young shoots of the tree.
While it doesn’t usually cause serious harm to the tree, it can lead to premature leaf drop and a generally unsightly appearance.
Ensuring your dogwood trees have good air circulation and are not overcrowded by other plants can help prevent powdery mildew.
Dogwood Borers
Dogwood borers are a type of clearwing moth whose larvae bore into the trunks and branches of the dogwood tree. This can lead to wilting and dieback of the tree’s foliage, and can ultimately kill the tree if left unchecked.
Look for small holes in the bark of the tree and sawdust-like frass as signs of infestation. Keeping your dogwood trees healthy and well-watered can help prevent these pests, as they tend to target trees that are already stressed.
Deer
While not a disease or insect, deer can be a significant pest for dogwood trees, especially in areas with high deer populations. Deer will often browse on the leaves and small buds of the tree, which can lead to a stunted, unhealthy appearance.
In severe cases, repeated browsing can even kill the tree. Fencing or other deterrents may be necessary to protect your dogwood trees from deer damage.
Common Plant Problems and Solutions for Dogwood Tree
Brown Tips on Leaves
If you notice brown tips on the leaves of your Cornus Florida, it could be a sign of insufficient moisture.
To rectify this, ensure your tree is receiving enough water, especially during periods of drought.
Yellowing Foliage
Yellowing foliage is often a sign of too much sunlight. Although these trees prefer full sun to partial shade, excessive sunlight can cause stress.
If you notice this, consider providing a layer of mulch around the root ball to retain moisture and protect the roots from the sun.
Lack of Blooms in Late Spring
The beautiful blooms of the dogwood tree usually appear in late spring. If your tree is not producing these, it may be due to a lack of sunlight or being in a growing zone that is not optimal for its needs.
Dogwoods prefer a growing zone of 5-9 and full sun to partial shade for the best bloom production.
Fungus on Leaves
Dogwood anthracnose is a common fungus that affects these ornamental trees. It is characterized by large, tan spots on the leaves and small buds.
To prevent this, ensure your tree has good air circulation and is not overwatered. If the fungus is present, a fungicide may be necessary.
Other Guides from Planet Natural:
Sumac Tree Care: Shrub Cultivation and Support
How to Grow and Care for Money Tree (Pachira Aquatica)
How to Plant, Grow, and Care for Arborvitae Trees Properly
Melissa Pino is a biologist, master gardener, and regular contributor for Planet Natural. Melissa’s work focuses on promoting environmentally-friendly practices, helping people create healthy gardens and finding ways to achieve overall health and wellness.
